CCTV News:In Syria, this crisis full of pain and destruction has begun to enter its eighth year. From Dongguta to Aflin, from "politicization of humanitarianism" to successive "threats of chemical weapons", these chaos and the wrestling behind the great powers have become the epitome of the chaotic situation in Syria. So, where did this crisis come from? Why has it lasted for seven years and still can’t stop?

Image source network

　　　　　　 Time has entered 2018, and the Syrian crisis situation that lasted for seven years has not become clearer.

　　　　　　 The conflict in Dongguta, the re-emergence of humanitarian problems and the self-talk of relevant countries have once again shattered the hope of peace that was ignited by the exit of extremist organizations.

　　　　　　 Not only Dongguta, but also Russian and Israeli warplanes were shot down in succession. The anti-terrorist coalition led by the United States clashed with pro-government forces in Deir ez-Zor, and Turkey launched the "Olive Branch Action" against Kurdish armed forces in northern Syria — — The situation in Syria is more foggy than ever.

　　　　　　 Huntington, an American political scientist, in his book The Clash of Civilizations and the Reconstruction of World Order, divided the "fault line war of civilizations" into three levels: the parties actually fighting and killing each other, the countries directly related to the main participants, and the top core countries — — If the top countries have no intention to end the war, the conflict will continue.

　　　　　　 In fact, the Syrian crisis basically conforms to this theory: if the participants are divided into three levels, the extremist organizations that have lost their momentum only belong to the lowest level, that is, one that fights and kills each other, including the Syrian government, Hezbollah in Lebanon, opposition armed forces, the terrorist organization "Conquest Front" and the "Syrian Democratic Army" led by Kurdish armed forces.

Syrian opposition opened fire on buildings (image source network)

　　　　　　 Above the hierarchy of factions on the ground, there are neighboring countries, including Iran, Turkey, Israel, Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. Most of them directly participated in the chaos in Syria and promoted the development of the situation.

　　　　　　 However, although it has great influence on the situation in Syria, the surrounding stakeholders can’t influence the final situation in Syria, because at the top, there is a game between Russia and the United States, two world powers.

　　　　　　 At present, Russia has announced that it has begun to withdraw its troops from Syria, and at the same time, it has promoted several dialogue platforms such as Astana and Sochi in an attempt to solve the Syrian issue as soon as possible. However, the attitude of the United States on the Syrian issue is extremely vague. It has established the so-called "border protection force", set up as many as 20 military strongholds, refused to participate in the Russian dialogue platform, and constantly created obstacles for the political settlement of the Syrian issue on the grounds of human rights and chemical weapons.

Armed personnel from the "People’s Protection Force" are on alert at the air raid site (image source network)

　　　　　　 There are more than ten participants in the Syrian crisis, and there is also a decisive factor in the absence of the United States. What is more complicated is that the contradictions contained in the Syrian crisis are also different.

　　　　　　 At the end of 2010, the so-called "Arab Spring" swept across the Middle East and North Africa. Since Tunisia, many countries such as Libya, Egypt and Yemen have experienced chaos.

　　　　　　 In March 2011, protests broke out in Syria.

　　　　　　 At the beginning, the main contradiction in Syria was the stay of President Bashar and the reform of the government. However, because of the interests, the protests in those years were used by many parties, including western countries. After seven years of conflict, ethnic contradictions, religious contradictions and sectarian contradictions have already evolved. From the Kurdish autonomy movement to the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Syria, to the sectarian dispute between Sunni and Shia, the situation has developed beyond everyone’s expectations.

　　　　　　 It is extremely difficult to completely solve any of the above contradictions, coupled with the attempts of many countries in the Middle East to intervene in the Syrian crisis to achieve regional hegemony, the historical grievances caused by the Palestinian-Israeli issue and the Israeli occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights, the refugee tide caused by the Syrian crisis, and the rampant terrorism and extremism in the 21st century — — The Syrian crisis has concentrated most of the major contradictions of mankind for centuries, so it has become a small-scale "world war" after its outbreak.

　　　　　　 Xu Dezhi, a CCTV reporter, said that it is almost impossible for more than a dozen crisis participants to solve at the same time, or at least cool down so many contradictions and sort out the intertwined interests, which is the fundamental reason why, up to now, although many parties are calling for a political solution to the Syrian issue as soon as possible, it still has little effect. Igniting the fuse of war is very simple, but ending a war is beyond people’s control.

# Article First Challenge # Will new energy vehicles replace fuel vehicles?

Different people have different views on whether new energy vehicles will replace fuel vehicles.

Wang Qing, deputy director of Market Economy Research Institute of the State Council Development Research Center, predicted that by 2025, the annual sales volume of new energy vehicles in China will reach about 17 million, and by 2030, the market share of new energy vehicles will exceed 90%. This means that in the next decade, the sales and influence of new energy vehicles will increase rapidly.

On the other hand, new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles have their own application scenarios. In the short term, new energy vehicles may not completely replace fuel vehicles. This is because there are still some problems in new energy vehicles, such as safety, charging and battery life. If these problems are solved, new energy vehicles may further expand their market share.

However, in the long run, it is an inevitable trend for new energy vehicles to replace fuel vehicles. With the continuous progress of technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, new energy vehicles will be applied in more fields, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles. At the same time, the policy is also promoting the development of new energy vehicles. For example, some cities have gradually stopped selling fuel vehicles.

To sum up, new energy vehicles may replace fuel vehicles at some point in the future, but this process may take some time. In this process, fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles will

Coexist and compete with each other.

In the ancient East, there seems to be a mysterious veil hidden in the long river of history, revealing some amazing strange coincidences from time to time. These coincidences seem to be legends woven by history itself, leaving future generations with deep thoughts, and these stories hover in my heart, making me feel the mystery of the world’s reincarnation between ink and paper.

Let’s focus on the experience of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. His life is full of legends, and his leap from Buyi to Tianzi has attracted worldwide attention. But also, an episode that happened in his escape career is even more incredible. According to the report, when Liu Bang passed through a mountain forest, he encountered an unusually white boa constrictor crossing the road, and he cut it in two with his sword without fear. This python can’t help being given symbolic meaning by later generations-it was the test and hint given to Liu Bang by the god of fate, and he declared to the world the possibility of his future success with courage and determination.

Then, we might as well compare the fate trajectories of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wen of Sui in Sui Dynasty. Qin Shihuang helped the world, burned books to bury Confucianism, repaired the Great Wall, built Epang Palace and built water conservancy, which was a great achievement. However, the grievances created by his harsh and cool laws are like undercurrents. After his death, the Qin Dynasty declined rapidly and eventually collapsed after only a few short years. Hundreds of years later, Emperor Wen of Sui in the Sui Dynasty also created a prosperous era of reunification. However, after the second emperor Yang Guang ascended the throne, his extravagance and tyranny made Jiangshan once again step into the path of subversion. Two dynasties, after the death of the founder, ushered in a similar fate.

Finally, we turn to the story of Zhao Kuangyin in the Song Dynasty and the last son of heaven in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin, a general of the Zhou Dynasty, rose to fame in helping the imperial court to quell civil strife and expand its territory, and usurped the seven-year-old throne left by Zhou Shizong from humble origins through the Chen Qiao mutiny. A similar plot was staged again in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty. When the Southern Song Dynasty was besieged by the Yuan Army and was on the verge of extinction, the young emperor Meng Gong chose to jump into the sea heroically to show his loyalty and loyalty. The two young emperors suffered different but similar fate twists and turns.

When we put these three sections of history together, it seems that we can perceive that the breath of reincarnation is slowly permeating the river of time. Every turn and coincidence is like a chess game arranged by God’s will, waiting for the chess pieces to perform.

But can we really assert that history is reincarnation? I’m afraid we still need to have reservations. Because history itself is made up of countless individual behaviors; It should be noted that although the waves are small, they can gather into an ocean, and people are small, but they can also affect the historical process. These seemingly "magical" coincidences are just a few fragments highlighted in countless events, which does not mean that all history follows a certain established pattern.

Perhaps we should learn wisdom from these stories and study the law: the extraordinary ambition of heroes often indicates extraordinary achievements; Authoritarianism leads to the boiling of national resentment and eventually to its demise; Power translocation is often accompanied by the fading of old forces and the birth of new forces.

To sum up, although history always gives us countless possibilities and associative spaces, every era that needs to learn from the past and diligently explore the true meaning of the laws behind them has its particularity and independence. Anyone can try his best to exert his style and contribute his strength in his position and become a small and powerful wave that pushes history forward.

Culture is not knowledge, culture is the pursuit of beauty! Expressed in more concise words, it can be abbreviated as: culture is the sum of language and words.

"Culture" can be expressed in four sentences:

1. Self-cultivation rooted in the heart:

Self-cultivation can be divided into two main contents. First, knowledge literacy is reflected in a person’s IQ; The second is humanistic accomplishment, which is reflected in a person’s emotional intelligence. Therefore, self-cultivation is improved through learning and cultivation the day after tomorrow, so as to achieve the realm of internalization in the heart, externalization in behavior, and integration of knowledge and practice.

2, don’t need to remind others consciously:

Self-awareness means that you know something and take the initiative to do it. The difference between humans and animals is that there are two lives: one is the life of the body; The second is the life of culture. Take away the "culture" tendon, people are just ordinary animals, and people are conscious.

3. Freedom on the premise of constraint:

Freedom is self-determined, without restrictions and constraints. The freedom advocated is a kind of freedom that is harmless to others in society, and it is based on goodness and justice. We should realize that freedom not only means the desire to be liberated from bondage, but also means the responsibility to respect the value of others’ existence. Only within reasonable limits and by using reasonable means can we achieve real freedom.

4. Kindness for others:

The first paragraph of the classic of Chinese studies "San Zi Jing" says: "beginning of life, human nature is good. Sex is similar and learning is far away. " This means that when people are born, their nature is good and their temperament is very similar. But with the different changes and influences of their living environment, everyone’s habits will be different.

If you treat others well, others will treat you well. If you are full of kindness, you can warm the people around you. In daily life and work, it is necessary to be helpful and kind to others, unite with leaders and colleagues, actively create a relaxed and pleasant working atmosphere, and construct harmonious interpersonal relationships.

According to the traditional concept of human beings, culture is a social phenomenon, which is the product of long-term human creation, but also a historical phenomenon and the accumulation of human society and history. To be exact, culture is the way of thinking, values, lifestyle, behavior norms, art and culture, science and technology of a country or a nation that can be passed down and spread. It is a universally recognized ideology that can be passed down for human communication and a sublimation of perceptual knowledge and experience of the objective world.

Culture is the total system of symbols (mainly words, supplemented by images) and sounds (mainly language, supplemented by phonology and notes) created and commonly recognized and used by people in the process of constantly knowing and transforming themselves and nature.

Culture, the afterlife of this life, is the behavior of some people to carry out their life beliefs. When the noblest place in a person’s temperament blooms in all aspects of life, when a person’s aesthetic taste is enough to give life a kind of elegance and flavor-that is culture.

Culture is the best nourishment.

Everything in the world is supported.

The grass and trees are in the wild, and the rain and dew are born to help; Body and mind are in the study, and kissing ink can nourish them.

If the study is a person’s spiritual sanctuary, then the long thing in the study is the pearl in this sanctuary.

Ancestors said: when writing, you can raise pens, when grinding, you can raise ink, when washing, you can raise paper.

When the library is in the library, the supplies of the study room can be spent over the years; If you are always close to things, your body and mind will be spiritually influenced.

Culture is the best nourishment.

The nourishment of life comes from the pursuit of life interest, but also from the immersion of long things.

In the rooms of ancient literati in China, there must be pens, ink, paper and inkstone for the case, and piano, chess, books and paintings for the lent. Besides, there are all kinds of elegant things.

Nowadays, when we see these old things in the study from a distance, we can hear the excited voices of the ancients and see their sincere faces as long as we understand them with our hearts.

They camped in the study, or played in Tibet, or lived in seclusion … and nourished by culture, which built a bright world for us.

Playing with Wen Zang can nourish the heart.

Culture is formed over time, and the way to hide and play can nourish the heart.

Elegance and vulgarity are often the first criterion in the way literati look at artifacts.

Whenever you see a thing, you should judge its advantages and disadvantages, define the realm of elegance with the mind of a gentleman, and create a true rhyme and taste that conforms to the literati’s aesthetics.

There are many beautiful things in the room, and the world is better than Taoyuan.

In the name of the post, the truth is orderly, and Mo Chi is fragrant; Appreciate the boxing stone, clear the supply, exquisite smoke and clouds, and the muscles and bones are towering;

Product green grass and bamboo, elegant room, case into a secluded field; Virtual Lu Qing Kuang, sitting in the dust to release concerns, elegant things Ming Zhen Yun;

Open-minded, all wonderful; Xuan Lang in Zhang’s room is natural and unrestrained.

By writing things in style, you can nourish your spirit.

Gewu, when there is an aesthetic seed, nourishes itself from the traditional scale.

Ancestors said: the piano is silent, the staff is light, the cup is elegant, the bamboo is cold, and the stone is impressive …

In addition to leisure and entertainment, there is a poetic charm in the study, which makes people physically and mentally idle.

If you do what you want from your heart, you will be a man, and you will not be detained, but you will not go beyond the rules.

It is the highest state to understand the nature within a certain statute, conform to the rules and set an example for future generations.

From things and devices, from devices and people, we can make our conscience in things and nourish our true qi in edification.

Living in seclusion with literature can raise your ambition.

China’s philosophy is a philosophy of leisure, and living in leisure can raise one’s ambition.

As the poet Ni Si said:

Reading books on righteousness and reasoning, learning the words of calligraphy and calligraphy, sitting quietly, talking with friends, drinking half drunk, watering flowers and planting bamboo, listening to the piano and playing with cranes, burning incense and frying tea, and going to the city to watch the mountains mean playing chess. Apart from the above, although I have other pleasures, it is not easy for me.

Life is leisure, and long things are companions. Whether reading, posting, burning incense, playing the piano, playing chess or drinking tea, long things in the study are the carriers.

Getting a period of leisure and happiness constitutes a brilliant aesthetic philosophy, which affects the world’s pursuit of leisure and elegance.

Today, we are far away from the luxury of spirit, and today’s dignitaries and rich people do not have such a life, because cultural life is not only material wealth, but also spiritual nobility, which is a real affair.

In this sense, the pursuit of beauty with culture is to immerse beauty in life.

If life is a flower, then culture is soil. May you and I live in peace in our daily life and drop the seeds of beauty and bloom the most wonderful flower.

END

What is culture? What does culture mean? This has to start with ancient Chinese. Wen is a generic word of Wen. As a noun explanation, text is texture, representation and trace. As a verb explanation, the text is interlaced, described and portrayed. Astronomy, for example, means that celestial bodies are scattered all over the night sky and staggered, naturally forming a big picture of stars.

Xinghan brilliant

Oracle Bone Inscriptions shows that on the left is a man facing west, and on the right is a man turning east, just like a man tossing and turning while sleeping. It means that things change, change and come into being. Including the transformation from one form to another, or even another thing. For example, actors make up, incarnate everything, and educate all the people.

the banlance of yin and yang

Based on the exquisite ancient prose above, we believe that the meaning of culture is like that of people who engrave chapters, which are staggered and turned into a fine chapter. The result of tattooing is culture, and the text is transformed. The purpose of tattoo is to change, and the text is to change it.

keep on chipping away/work with perseverance

The extended meaning of culture can mean using tools and wealth that change life, such as Neolithic culture, agricultural culture, rural culture, industrial culture and modern culture.

The extended meaning of culture can also indicate the information or customs of transforming ideas, such as Confucian culture, Taoist culture, Buddhist culture, Mozi culture and other Chinese excellent traditional cultures, as well as Japanese samurai culture, western jungle culture, merchant culture and other animal cultures.

Use culture to change people.

Is there a culture in West Renye Fang? The answer is clear to you.

Thank you for reading.

# Culture # # Oracle Bone Inscriptions # # Traditional culture #

Source: People’s Daily-People’s Daily

Eclecticism is a kind of wisdom. Han Yu said in "A Solution to Learning": "Jade cinnabar, red arrow and green cheese, cattle and horses, the skin of defeated drums, all of which are collected and stored, and those who are ready for use are also good doctors." This means that a clever doctor will put away all kinds of things for a rainy day, which means to have both and everything. Eclecticism is also a kind of mind. Culturally, it is to keep an open mind, actively learn from all the outstanding achievements of human civilization, learn from others and use them for our own use.

习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上指出：“中华文明具有突出的包容性”“决定了中华文化对世界文明兼收并蓄的开放胸怀”。中华文化的这种开放胸怀具有深厚历史底蕴，在新的时代条件下不断彰显，为文明发展拓展了广阔前景。

中华文化自古就有兼收并蓄的开放胸怀。中华文明是世界上唯一绵延不断并以国家形态发展至今的伟大文明。对世界不同文明兼收并蓄，为文明发展不断注入活水，是成就中华文明绵延不断的重要原因之一。中外文化交往、文明交流的故事不胜枚举。2100多年前，汉代使者张骞自长安出发，出使西域，开始打通东方通往西方的道路，此后一条横贯东西、联结欧亚的古丝绸之路逐渐开辟出来。这条路成为经贸往来之路，也成为不同文明交流互鉴之路。唐代僧人玄奘西行求法，往返17年，带回佛教经典600多部，并积极进行翻译传播。佛教在中国长期演化，儒释道三教合流，给中国人的宗教信仰、哲学观念、文学艺术、礼仪习俗等留下深刻影响。明代徐光启与来到中国的西方学者利玛窦共同翻译《几何原本》，被认为是西方科学传入中国的象征之一。明清时期，一批精通儒释道的伊斯兰学者，将伊斯兰文化与儒家文化结合，对促进伊斯兰教中国化产生了深远影响。

Chinese culture has an eclectic and open mind, which has profound historical reasons. In ancient China, there was a super-large population and region, with a long-term leading level of economic development and frequent economic and trade exchanges with other countries and regions, the most prominent being the formation of the Silk Road on land and the Silk Road on the sea. These economic and trade exchanges have not only promoted economic prosperity, but also brought about the exchange and integration of science, technology, culture and art between China and other countries. At the same time, an important concept in Chinese "harmony" culture is to value harmony and harmony among all nations, and to advocate that different countries treat each other peacefully and live in harmony. China people regard the world as the world and think that the world belongs to one family. Many ancient rulers also saw that cooperation and exchanges between countries were far more conducive to stability and development than conquering wars. In addition, China’s ancient thought of practical application advocated "unity of knowledge and practice, bowing to behavior", opposed empty talk and advocated solving practical problems. Therefore, methods and means that are beneficial to social development and effective for improving people’s livelihood can be learned and used by me. In this way, a pragmatic and aggressive attitude is formed. When people come into contact with excellent foreign cultures, systems and arts, they are more willing to learn from them.

到了近代，马克思主义传入中国，给古老中华文明注入新的活力。中华文化兼收并蓄的开放胸怀与马克思主义的世界眼光、全球视野和全世界无产者联合起来的开阔胸怀具有高度契合性。中华优秀传统文化包含着天下为公的大同理想、民为邦本的民本思想、修齐治平的家国情怀、“天行健，君子以自强不息”的奋斗观念、知行合一的实践哲学等，这些思想观念、价值追求与马克思主义理论具有高度契合性。这种高度契合性为马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化相结合提供了条件。中国共产党人将马克思主义作为自己的信仰，深刻把握这种契合性，把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，让马克思主义成为中国的，用真理力量激活古老文明，不断推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展。

习近平总书记指出：“中华文明是在同其他文明不断交流互鉴中形成的开放体系。从历史上的佛教东传、‘伊儒会通’，到近代以来的‘西学东渐’、新文化运动、马克思主义和社会主义思想传入中国，再到改革开放以来全方位对外开放，中华文明始终在兼收并蓄中历久弥新。”中华文化始终以兼收并蓄的开放胸怀与其他文化交流交融，不仅造就了丰富多彩的中华文明，而且为人类文明贡献了中华文化宝藏。

人类社会走向冲突还是繁荣，很大程度上取决于如何对待不同文明之间的差异。中华文明兼收并蓄的胸怀、博采众长的态度对于促进人类文明进步具有重大意义。中国共产党立志于为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴，为世界谋大同、为人类谋进步，弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，倡导尊重世界文明多样性，以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突、文明包容超越文明优越，促进各国人民相知相亲，携手促进人类文明进步。

习近平总书记指出：“交流互鉴是文明发展的本质要求。”我们要通过深化人文交流互鉴消除隔阂与误解、促进民心相通，推动构建全球文明对话合作网络，丰富交流内容，拓展合作渠道，努力架起人与人之间情感沟通的桥梁，拉紧国与国之间加深理解和信任的纽带，共同建设一个开放包容的世界。继续保持兼收并蓄的开放胸怀，不忘本来、吸收外来、面向未来，立时代之潮头、发时代之先声，我们一定能不断创造中华文化新的辉煌，建设中华民族现代文明，推动建设更加美好的世界。

(作者为中国社会科学院哲学研究所副所长)《 人民日报 》( 2023年08月07日 09 版)