With the rapid development of new energy vehicles

Hybrid cars are favored by more and more consumers.

The design concept of "dual use of oil and electricity" makes people feel "really fragrant"

However, there are many hybrid car models.

Let many consumers make it difficult to choose.

Then follow the experts.

Understanding Hybrid Vehicle from Technical System

Choose the car that suits you best.

What is a hybrid car?

Hybrid electric vehicles are referred to as "hybrid vehicles" and generally refer toCombining the traditional internal combustion engine technology with the motor technology.As a power source, a car canSwitching power sources under different driving conditionsSo as to optimize the energy use efficiency and give consideration to the endurance of fuel vehicles and the environmental protection characteristics of electric vehicles.

According to the structural form of power system

Series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV)

Only the engine works to drive the generator to provide drive for the motor.

√ Advantages

The engine always generates electricity in the high efficiency range, which can provide a smoother driving experience and fuel-saving effect at low speed, and the energy recovery system is also more efficient.

X shortcomings

When driving at high speed or needing high power output, the fuel consumption performance is poor, and the motor conversion efficiency is reduced, resulting in higher fuel consumption than ordinary fuel vehicles.

Parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)

The engine and motor can work simultaneously or separately.

√ Advantages

In pure electric drive mode, the use cost is low; In the hybrid drive mode, the dynamic performance is excellent.

X shortcomings

We can’t rely solely on pure electric drive for a long time, and we can’t fully reflect the economic advantages of electric new energy. In pure fuel mode, fuel consumption may be difficult to control.

Series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (CHEV)

The engine can also generate electricity while driving the output with the motor.

√ Advantages

Combining the advantages of series and parallel technology, the fuel economy, power output energy efficiency, cruising range and driving experience are better.

X shortcomings

The overall system layout of the automobile is more complex, and the requirements for the control system are higher, so the daily maintenance cost is relatively high.

According to the external charging function

Plug-in hybrid electric Vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle that can obtain electric energy from off-board devices under normal use.

Unplugged hybrid electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle that obtains all the energy from on-board fuel under normal use.

How to choose a hybrid car that suits you?

Charging condition

√ There are charging conditions:Suggested choicePlug-in hybrid vehicle, convenient for power supply, not limited by time and place. with regard toShort daily commuteFor consumers, it can maximize the economy.

× No charging condition:It is recommended to choose an electric drive with a long cruising range and support DC fast charging.Series hybrid vehicle, series hybrid vehicle or non-plug-in hybrid vehicleWhen the power is insufficient, you can still rely on the internal combustion engine to work, which avoids the problem of mileage anxiety and reduces the inconvenience of frequent charging and charging time.

Fuel consumption situation

In addition to the actual fuel consumption performance of the car, it is recommended to choose.Low loss/feed fuel consumptionA hybrid car.

In the case of no charging, the output economy of the engine determines the use cost.

ifOften run long distances.% of consumers don’t recommend choosing series hybrid cars, because the economy of high-speed fuel consumption is relatively poor, so choose.Parallel and series-parallel hybrid vehiclesMore appropriate.

Loss of electricity and fuel consumptionRefers to the fuel consumption that depends solely on the engine for output when the automobile is exhausted or insufficient.

Feed oil consumptionRefers to the fuel consumption of the engine not only for power output, but also for charging the battery.

Power battery capacity

The sustainability of the peak power output of the motor is often limited by the output of the battery.

If necessary, often.Long distance driving, high capacity batteryThe model is a better choice;

If it is mainlyShort-distance travel in cities, you can consider choosing.Medium or low capacity batteryTo balance cost and performance.

Mileage

Suggest according to oneselfDaily commuting or traveling.Demand, choiceMatches the pure electric cruising range version.Our car.

At the same timePay attention to whether the model supports the fast charging function.In this way, the charging station can be better used for quick charging, and the use cost can be reduced through pure electric driving.

rated power

Refers to the stable output power of a car for a long time.

with regard toDaily driving in citiesConsumers, it is recommended to choose.Moderate rated powerThe model of.

For oftenTraveling with full load or driving at high speedConsumers, it is recommended to choose.Rated power is higherThe model of.

Weibao agency

selectMaintenance outlets cover a wide range.Brand, can facilitate maintenance and repair in daily use, to a certain extent, reduce the use cost and traffic inconvenience during maintenance.

Warranty interest

Need to know and compare the quality assurance policies of different brands and models, and choose to provide them.The warranty period is long.andThe warranty content is more comprehensive.Our car.

Special Thanks

wang qingfeng

Expert of Shenzhen Consumer Council Automobile Expert Committee

Senior auto mechanic

END

Source: Shenzhen Consumer Council

If there is any infringement, please inform us to delete it, and please indicate the source for reprinting.

Buying a computer is fooled into paying more money, buying a TV for one year leads to serious quality problems, and after-sales work is perfunctory and evasive. These behaviors have become the most headache for consumers. On October 29th, based on the feedback data from 96111 of Huaxi Media Call Center, the complaint information of Sichuan Consumer Council in the third quarter and the complaint cases of China Consumers Association, Huaxi Dushi Bao launched a "black list" of home appliances, which was divided into five categories: stores, computers, televisions, water heaters and water purifiers, exposing the digital home appliance enterprises with the most concentrated complaints from consumers and defending consumers’ rights to the end. Readers can also continue to call 96111 to give feedback on the consumption problems you have encountered, or pay attention to the micro-signal "I Home Appliances" of our home appliances, and we will protect your rights.

Store category and computer category: Lenovo, which sells "Water Depth" in World A, has been complained 13 times in more than 10 months.

According to the data of China Consumers Association, from the end of last year to now, there have been as many as 13 complaints about Lenovo computers in Sichuan alone, and most of them occurred in World Computer City A, mainly because of price fraud, including a price difference of as high as 1,800 yuan and quality problems, and the number of complaints far exceeded that of other brands of computers.

On the afternoon of February 27th this year, Mr. Hou, who lives in Jinjiang District, Chengdu, and his friends bought Lenovo laptops in Chengdu A World Computer City. After arriving in A World, the sales staff took them to the Lenovo store on the second floor. "I was going to buy a computer with the fourth generation of Intel i5 processor. The salesperson recommended three Lenovo brands to me, which were divided into three grades: high school and low school. I chose the middle grade and converted it to 3,980 yuan." The salesperson said that this computer is Lenovo’s all-around 50 series. "I also told me that its processor is Intel’s fifth-generation processor, and the fourth-generation processor is dual-core. This computer is quad-core and has better performance."

Mr. Hou searched online with his mobile phone on the spot, but he couldn’t find Lenovo Almighty 50 all the time. "The salesperson said that this is a new model that just came out, so I believed it. He also said that the 4-core game is absolutely stable, and the graphics card is 2g, and the system is windows8.1. I can reinstall the windows7 system, so I believed him and paid the money." However, when Mr. Hou came home, he found that this computer configuration was actually unique in 1g, and the cpu was only the processor of intel Pentium, which was far from the fourth-generation processor of Intel i5 mentioned in the store. Finally, under Mr. Hou’s repeated communication, the merchant agreed to replace the computer.

The same Lenovo computer, Mr. Wu of Chengdu also encountered a similar problem on the second floor of A World. At the end of December last year, he planned to buy Lenovo all-around 50n2980 notebook, and set the price at 4500 yuan. After payment, the sales staff lied that the n3540 computer had higher configuration performance and the price remained unchanged on the pretext that it was out of stock. After buying it back, Mr. Wu found that the n3540 model was not only low in configuration, but also the highest price of this computer on the Internet was about 2,800 yuan, and the lowest price was 2,699 yuan. For this reason, he complained that he wanted to make up the difference of 1,800 yuan.

From November 5, 2014 to September 20, 2015, the Lenovo computer purchased by Ms. Rao was replaced once and repaired three times. After two months of maintenance, it still could not be used. Its production record: the serial number of the first exchange product is: pf04y8wg, and the serial number of the new computer product after exchange is: Pf05r884, repair record and warranty are all used.

Pf04y8wg product serial number. To this end, Ms. Rao complained that Lenovo computers had factory defects and demanded compensation for return.

Since the end of last year, Dell Computer has been complained twice in Sichuan, namely, price fraud and repeated improper maintenance; Asus computer was complained twice about price fraud; Shenzhou Computer was complained of a price fraud. Color TV category:

Konka’s after-sales maintenance was controversial. After welding, it was said that the consumer was damaged by external force.

According to the information of China Consumers Association, Mr. Su bought Konka 55-inch TV with model led55f5510pf on December 24th, 2014. After using it on July 8th, 2015, there was a problem with the high-definition interface hdmi.

On July 11th, 2015, Konka’s service personnel came to the door for inspection. Mr. Su said that he took apart the back of the TV. After a simple inspection, he did not explain the cause of the failure. As a result, he did not repair it well, so he said that it was damaged by human external force, which was not covered by the warranty. He needed to take the circuit board away. Mr. Su couldn’t figure it out. "This interface is inside the TV. We haven’t removed it. Why is it damaged by external force?" What makes him even more angry is that within 42 days, there were five calls before and after, and there was no reply from the after-sales service. "Let our consumers be chilling!"

Water heaters: Wanhe water heaters have been bought for five years, and the manufacturers have kicked the ball to the sellers.

In April, 2010, Miss Liang bought a Wanhe water heater at Hongpailou Store in oriental home, Chengdu, because she was ready to decorate the new house. Because the new house was not decorated, she didn’t ask the merchant to deliver it. However, in December, 2012, Miss Liang learned that oriental home would close, so she made a special trip to oriental home to inquire about the delivery of water heaters. "At that time, Wanhe’s sales staff asked me to contact Wanhe water heater after sale. I dialed the telephone to communicate the situation on the spot. The other party told me that the information had been recorded in Wanhe’s official delivery system, so I need to install it at any time and call at any time."

In 2015, when Miss Liang’s house was renovated, she contacted after-sales installation. On March 18th, she received an after-sales call from Wanhe Chengdu, saying that it could be installed in the afternoon. However, ten minutes later, another staff member called and told Miss Liang that no record was found in the system and asked her to send the purchase receipt. When Miss Liang did so, Wanhe still claimed that no relevant information was found in the system, so that consumers could find oriental home to solve it themselves.

"However, when communicating with Wanhe by telephone in December 2012, the manufacturer made it clear that there were records in the system and they could contact the delivery and installation at any time." Miss Liang is puzzled. In this regard, Wanhe Electric Company said in its reply that according to the contract, the products should be provided by the "oriental home Store" that sells Wanhe products, and Wanhe Factory does not assume the responsibility of providing products. It is believed that the time span is five years, and the "oriental home Store" has been closed for more than two years, which does not rule out the possibility of losing relevant documents in this store.

Water purifier: Angel called for repair many times during the warranty period, but he didn’t come.

In June, 2014, Mr. Liu from Chengdu bought an Angel water purifier in an electrical mall, with a shelf life of one year. On May 14th, 2015, before the maintenance period, the power light of this Angel water purifier suddenly turned off and no water was produced.

Mr. Liu called for repair, but the maintenance staff kept pushing it from that afternoon to that evening, and then from that evening to May 17, and finally nothing happened on the 21st. So Mr. Liu complained about Angel’s after-sales service again, and the customer service promised to contact him immediately, but nothing happened on the 22nd. It took a whole week, and the maintenance period was about to pass. Mr. Liu contacted the maintenance personnel many times, but he didn’t give a reply or repair, and didn’t even return a phone call.

Coincidentally, Ms. Xu bought the Angel water purifier on October 2 last year, and the water purifier could not discharge water in June this year. Thinking that the warranty period was less than one year, Ms. Xu called Angel several times to ask for the warranty, but Angel kept shirking it. After a month’s delay, the matter has not been answered and solved.

Sichuan Consumer Protection Committee: Complaints about household appliances accounted for the highest proportion in the third quarter.

According to the statistical analysis report of consumer complaint information in the third quarter of 2015 released by Sichuan Consumer Protection Committee, in the third quarter of this year, consumer protection committees at all levels in the province accepted 6,636 consumer complaints, including 1,673 household electronic and electrical complaints, accounting for 25.21% of the total complaints, accounting for the highest proportion.

From the statistical data, the quality of goods and services still ranks first in the total number of complaints and becomes the main complaint of consumers. The focus of consumer complaints is mainly reflected in the quality of audio-visual products and after-sales service. At the same time, compared with the same period in 2014, the proportion of complaints about contracts and after-sales services increased significantly. In the number of consumer complaints in commodity categories, household electronic appliances are still the first.

Looking forward to the new year, the global economy will continue to benefit from the integration of international trade.

First of all, despite all kinds of statements, international trade is still strong.figure 1It shows the trend of global gross domestic product (GDP) and trade volume in the past 30 years (the data in 2023 is the predicted value in the World Economic Outlook released by the International Monetary Fund in October 2023). In 2023, the global trade volume is expected to be 8% higher than the peak before the COVID-19 epidemic.

pictureone：the whole worldGDP and trade index (1990year=one00)

Secondly, the attitude of policy makers towards implementing trade protectionism has weakened.

The global trade early warning system has been tracking policy interventions that affect international trade and cross-border investment. From 2020 to 2022, the system recorded an average of more than 4,800 trade restrictions every year (Figure 2）。 Compared with an average of 2,800 such interventions each year from 2009 to 2019, the number has increased significantly.

The surge in recent years is probably caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. Encouragingly, as the COVID-19 epidemic recedes, policy makers are no longer inclined to protect the domestic market. In 2023, these trade restrictions fell below 3,000.

picture2: Number of trade restrictions

The global trade early warning system also tracks trade liberalization measures (Figure 3）。 Trade restrictions are usually about five times that of trade liberalization, however, the proportion is shrinking at present.

We should not underestimate the benefits of reducing protectionist policies to the global economy. Research by the Swiss Center for Economic Research (KOF) shows that trade liberalization is a key factor to support per capita GDP growth.

picturethree: Number of trade liberalization measures

The research of Freund Loinder and his co-authors shows that, despite the adoption of protectionist policies, the de-globalization of the United States is limited to a part of US-China trade. Although the then US President Trump imposed tariffs in 2018-2019, trade data shows that the overall openness of the United States to the world has not changed. In the year ending in November 2023, the import volume of goods in the United States increased by 24% compared with 2019 (Figure 4）。

picturefour：US merchandise imports (trillion US dollars)

However, the United States imposed tariffs on goods imported from China, which caused China’s share of American goods imports to drop from 22% in early 2018 to 14% in November 2023. After a very detailed analysis of American imports, Loinder and his co-authors found that the decline of China’s market share is not a common phenomenon in all imported goods, but concentrated on the goods affected by American tariffs.

Loinder and other co-authors also found that countries that increased their exports to the United States in these product lines also strengthened their supply relationship with China, especially for those products listed as "advanced technology products" by the United States government. Therefore, the United States may not be able to reduce its dependence on China as its trade data shows.

The latest research by Qiu Han and his co-authors also confirms this conclusion. Qiu Han and his co-authors found that companies from other countries in the Asia-Pacific region seem to have intervened in the supply chain between China and the United States, occupying a larger share of the added value. This influence is most obvious in the information technology (IT) industry, in which the direct contact between China and the United States has evolved into indirect contact through other Asian countries.

China is playing an increasingly important role in the regional supply chain.

table 1It shows that in the year ending September 2023, China’s share of US merchandise imports was 14.0%, which was 7.5 percentage points lower than that in 2017 (21.5%). In the same period, China’s import share to the four largest ASEAN countries (Viet Nam, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia) increased by 4.0 percentage points. Most notably, China’s share of Vietnamese merchandise imports increased by 7.2 percentage points. Among the four largest ASEAN countries, Vietnam’s exports to the United States increased the most (Figure 5）。

Although China’s share of global merchandise imports dropped from 13.7% to 13.2%, the decline in its share was entirely due to China’s export performance to the United States. China’s share of goods imports in other parts of the world except the United States increased by 0.6 percentage points. It is worth mentioning that, although the increase in tariffs has led to a decrease in China’s share (14.0%) of American merchandise imports, the United States still relies more on China’s merchandise imports than other regions in the world (China’s share of imports is 13.1%).

tableone: China’s share of some countries’ imports (%)

Source: International Monetary Fund, First Institute of Finance and Economics

picturefive: US imports (12Monthly rolling)

All in all, globalization has not undergone a major reversal. This is a good thing, because specialized division of labor and free trade are important forces to promote global economic growth. The United States may not be able to reduce its dependence on China as its trade data shows. From China’s point of view, the United States’ tariff increase measures have led China enterprises to extend their supply chains and strengthen cooperation with their Asian neighbors. China is playing an increasingly important role in the regional supply chain.

(Source of this article: CBN)

— —

Wen | Senior Academic Advisor, Cormac First Institute of Finance and Economics

Contact us | yicairi@yicai.com

Recommended reading for articles on related topics:

Deja vu: an analysis report on the transfer of global industrial chain to Southeast Asia

Promote integration and increase kinetic energy — — RCEP landing observation report

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Text | Jinjiao Finance, Author | Xiao Di

A car saves 70,000 yuan and 30 seconds, and the subsidy is not limited by price … …

With the help of policies, enterprises and giants, the ideal mode of replacing electricity and replenishing energy for new energy vehicles is accelerating from B-end to C-end.

Recently, Sinopec, one of the "three barrels of oil", has added power generation, transmission and power supply business to its business scope, selling automobiles, motor vehicle charging and new energy vehicle power exchange facilities.

This means that,The oil sales giant will officially enter the power exchange..

On December 7, Sinopec Guangzhou Jinlong Gas Station was unveiled after the revision and upgrade. This is the 1000th charging and replacing power station and the 1000th photovoltaic power station completed and put into operation by Sinopec. This gas station is equipped with the second generation power exchange technology, which can exchange power for up to 312 Weilai cars every day, and the owner doesn’t even need to get off the bus during the power exchange process.

By 2025, Sinopec plans to build 5,000 charging and replacing power stations and 7,000 photovoltaic power stations.

The scene described by Zhang Yuzhuo, the chairman of China Petrochemical Company, seems to be somewhat idealistic: "China Petrochemical Company has more than 30,000 gas stations in the country, and will embrace the general trend of energy reform, and gradually deploy power exchange facilities in gas stations, so that users of new energy vehicles can change electricity as easily as refueling."

Back in 2011, domestic electric vehicles have just started. The State Grid has announced that charging stations should adopt the mode of replacing electricity with charging as a supplement to reduce the burden on urban power grids, and some experts have proposed it."integration of oil and electricity"The idea of rational allocation of land resources.

At that time, the new energy car track was not as crowded as it is now. The players were mainly state-owned enterprises, and the use scenarios were still limited to buses and taxis. However, the power exchange mode has been proved to be a false proposition.

In addition to the cost, the biggest problem encountered by this model is that the battery standards are not uniform, the battery manufacturers that each electric vehicle cooperates with are different, and the battery specifications produced are different.The capacity of a power exchange station is limited, so it is impossible to give consideration to both brand and quantity, and the most basic scale is difficult to achieve..

Today, these problems still exist, even with more and more players, the battery specifications that were difficult to unify in the past have become even more embarrassing.

Time has passed. When the new energy automobile industry, which encounters new obstacles in its development, meets the oil giant that needs to be turned around urgently, can the stagnant water of changing electricity create new ripples?

The answer is extremely difficult, because it is equivalent to the half-life of the car company.

It is a historical necessity that power exchange is brought up again. At present, the mainstream charging mode is far from meeting the energy demand of new energy vehicles.

An electric car becomes an "electric dad" and only needs a long trip.

During this year’s National Day holiday, the most famous news about new energy vehicles was that electric car owners fought for charging piles, and charged for one hour and stood in line for four hours … … In the face of the surge in energy demand, chronic diseases such as insufficient construction of public charging piles and lack of operation are exposed.

Over the years, charging piles have continued to catch up with new energy vehicles, but the pace is obviously not big enough.The data shows that the vehicle-pile ratio of new energy vehicles and charging piles has dropped from 7.84 in 2015 to 2.93 in 2020. Everbright Securities predicts that by 2030, the vehicle-pile ratio will gradually drop to 2, that is, two vehicles share a charging pile, but this is far from a reasonable ratio of 1.

According to the data released by China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance, as of October this year, the cumulative number of charging infrastructure in China was 2.253 million, up 50.4% year-on-year. According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in October this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles were 397,000 and 383,000 respectively, an increase of 130% year-on-year.

In addition, these data also contain many widely criticized "zombie piles", that is, charging piles that are damaged but not repaired in time.

In this context, the more convenient power exchange mode has regained attention.

In 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology encouraged the pilot of the power exchange model, the policy was opened, and the market began to respond quickly.

Enterprise investigation shows that there are 67,500 existing power exchange-related enterprises in China, of which 3,710 were added in 2019, a year-on-year increase of 27.98%; In 2020, there will be an increase of 16,600, a year-on-year increase of 348.71%;In the first 10 months of this year, it increased by 33,600, a year-on-year increase of 184.83%..

The market scale is rising. According to Toubao Research Institute, in 2020, China’s new energy vehicle power exchange market will be only 38.2 billion yuan, but by 2030,The scale of power exchange market will reach 1,035.6 billion., an increase of 27 times in ten years.

Power exchange enterprises can be roughly divided into two categories: third-party operators facing B-end, such as Aodong New Energy and Hangzhou Botan Technology, and OEMs facing C-end, such as Weilai, BAIC, which has been exploring the field of power exchange for many years, and Nezha, Tucki &hellip, which are planning to change power; …

However, in the field of power exchange, no matter the size of the enterprise, it faces a dilemma — —have a deficit. Beiqi New Energy once said that,The construction cost of a power station is nearly 10 million yuan.The cost of battery reserve reached 3.22 million yuan. Huge capital investment and a long investment return period of 5-6 years pose great challenges to enterprises.

Among the enterprises listed above, Aodong is the largest power exchange operator in China. Although it has received large orders from state-owned enterprises such as BAIC and SAIC in the past five years, it is only profitable in Xiamen and Guangzhou, and the utilization rate of power exchange stations in most cities is below 60%. Bertram Technology is also looking for mergers and acquisitions.

In terms of vehicle manufacturers, since 2019, Weilai has laid out nearly 500 power stations across the country. Without considering land rent, labor costs, equipment depreciation, maintenance and other expenses, the construction cost of a single power station is about 2 million yuan. In this way,Weilai has invested at least 1 billion yuan in power exchange in the past three years..

Weilai once proposed to build 1,100 power exchange stations nationwide in 2020, but until now, half of this goal has not been achieved.

As a dawn of the power exchange industry, before this high-profile plan was written into the business scope, Sinopec’s power exchange layout has begun.

In April this year, Sinopec first signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Aodong, clarifying that the two sides will carry out all-round and in-depth cooperation around the construction and operation of power exchange stations, the upgrading of energy replenishment technology and the innovation of business models. In the future, a "national power exchange service network" will be built. In July, the first batch of power exchange stations jointly operated by Aodong and Sinopec landed in Shanghai and Chongqing. Coincidentally, Wei Lai also chose to hold the giant’s thigh after going through a difficult fight alone. Also in April, Sinopec and Weilai cooperated to build Beijing Sinopec Chaoying Station, which was officially put into operation.

At present,It is too early to say that such cooperation is a "win-win", but it is also a "take what you need".

In Sinopec, as Zhang Yuzhuo said, supporting electricity exchange is a strategy for traditional oil companies to embrace the general trend of energy reform; For players in the power exchange industry, one of the most intuitive benefits is that Sinopec’s gas stations all over the country have solved the most troublesome problem of site selection and rent for power exchange. In addition, with the support of state-owned capital, the long road of burning money for power exchange can also be easier.

Almost all areas of new energy vehicles areStart with policy and thrive on policy..

In 2019, the policy pointed out the direction for various enterprises in the power exchange industry. After that, the gradually complete top-level design installed engines and insurance for the development of power exchange.

In April 2020, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments promulgated a new version of the subsidy policy for new energy passenger cars, stipulating that the price of vehicles before subsidies should be below 300,000 yuan (including 300,000 yuan).However, vehicles in the power exchange mode enjoy the green light of the policy and are not subject to price restrictions.. Subsequently, the power station was included in the category of "new infrastructure".

In November, 2020, the State Council promulgated the New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2021-2035), which clearly put forward "strengthening the construction of power exchange infrastructure" and "encouraging the development of power exchange mode application". In March this year, adding charging piles and changing power stations was written into the government work report.

In addition, relevant standards have gradually landed. In April this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee and other departments issued the first basic general standard in the field of power exchange, "Safety Requirements for Power Exchange of Electric Vehicles", which was implemented on November 1.

The significance of building a power exchange station is not only to replenish energy.

From a more macro perspective,The significance of power exchange lies in centralized management of power batteries and building a system for power batteries.. This system includes production, assembly, charging, maintenance, monitoring, and the most difficult problem of power battery recycling, and finally realizes the cascade utilization of power batteries.

Ten years ago, the plan of "replacing electricity" by State Grid was based on the idea of "cutting peaks and filling valleys", that is, building charging and replacing power stations near substations to avoid a big impact on the distribution network; In the urban center where land resources are tight or the power grid is difficult to expand and transform, a centralized battery charging station will be built by relying on substations in the suburbs.

Today, relying on the construction of gas stations to change power stations is essentially throughDistributed energy storage, to reduce the burden of urban power grid.

From the micro level, on the one hand, power exchange is a kind ofSafer way to replenish energy. According to "Analysis of Fire Accidents of Electric Vehicles in 2020", according to incomplete statistics, in 2020, the media reported 124 fire accidents of new energy vehicles, of which 23% were accidentally burned during charging.

In this mode, the charging environment of the battery can be controlled, and the battery failure can be detected in time to reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion.

On the other hand,The power exchange mode is undoubtedly a kind of high efficiency, even exceeding the traditional fuel vehicle.And it is more conducive to the way to prolong the battery life. At present, the emergency fast charging time of new energy vehicles is 1-2 hours, and the full charging time is 6-8 hours, but the high voltage DC fast charging method is a kind of damage to the battery.

Back to the most fundamental problem, the underlying logic of power exchange lies in"separation of vehicle and electricity"That is to subvert the relationship between power batteries and people — —From buying in the past to renting..

Take Weilai’s power exchange mode as an example, the owner only needs to bear the "battery rental service fee". The data shows that the price of a seven-seat version of ES8 is close to 470,000 yuan. If you rent Weilai’s battery,The optional battery pack with a battery life of 420 kilometers can be 70,000 yuan cheaper, and the optional battery pack with a battery life of 580 kilometers can be 128,000 yuan cheaper..

They can afford 71.4 months and 86.5 months’ rent respectively.

At present, the service life of the lithium battery pack carried by new energy vehicles is generally between 3 and 5 years.

For consumers, this greatly reduces the price of new energy vehicles and improves the service life of new energy vehicles.

It can be seen that the ultimate goal of power exchange policy support,Or lower the purchase threshold of new energy vehicles to solve the current energy anxiety..

Last year, the production and sales of automobiles in China were 25.225 million and 25.311 million respectively, but the production and sales of new energy vehicles were only 1.366 million and 1.367 million respectively, among which the production and sales of pure electric vehicles were 1.105 million and 1.115 million respectively, that is to say, pure electric vehicles only accounted for 4.4% of the annual sales, while new energy vehicles accounted for 5.4%, and fuel vehicles remained the mainstream of the automobile market.

Obstacles such as high price and less energy-supplementing infrastructure make the market not enthusiastic about new energy vehicles.

And as the 3060 carbon neutral target gets closer and closer,All kinds of problems from application to popularization of new energy vehicles are being solved rapidly under the dual effects of planning and market..

Almost everything is ready, but the most critical east wind — — Industry standardization has not come yet. Standardization can not be achieved, which means that the marginalized position of power exchange in the system can not be changed.

As one of the three major structures of electric vehicles, power battery has always been regarded as a moat for enterprises by OEMs.

Almost all car companies hope to increase product selling points by designing batteries with larger capacity, stronger performance and lower cost. Tesla’s battery team was set up in 2004, 12 years earlier than the self-developed chip. The news that its high-capacity 4680 battery has been developed for many years has attracted the attention of the global market. In China, although BYD’s self-developed "blade battery" has been questioned, it still contributed to the soaring share price of 300% last year. In the first half of this year, BYD Han’s sales with "blade battery" increased by more than 200% year-on-year.

In fact, battery standardization means letting automakers give up most of their power to define their own products.That’s why the power exchange was opposed by the automobile factory as early as ten years ago.

However, this time is different.

Under the goal of "double carbon", the strength of national policies and state-owned capital is overweight, which is standardizing manufacturing conditions and clearing obstacles for power exchange. In July last year, at the press conference in the State Council, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that it would continue to vigorously promote the infrastructure construction of charging and replacing electricity, encourage enterprises to develop models of replacing electricity according to applicable scenarios, and support pilot projects in places like Beijing and Hainan for promotion. After that, the governments of Anhui, Yunnan, Shanghai, Hainan and Henan successively put forward the construction plan of power exchange station.

The determined trend is making enterprises in the field of power exchange bolder than in the past.— — In addition to in-depth cooperation with Sinopec, Weilai announced that it will deploy more than 4,000 power stations worldwide by the end of 2025; Aodong also said that it will complete the construction goal of 10,000 power stations in five years; GCL Energy plans to build 6,000 power stations during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, serving 500,000 vehicles … …

Force standardization by scale,This bottom-up development ideaObviously, it is clearer than ten years.

Standardization is the inevitable result of power exchange, and the power exchange enterprises that entered the market early are becoming the standards themselves.Take the future as an example. Since the release of the power exchange mode, Li Bin has been releasing signals to the outside world. Wuhan Weineng gives priority to serving Weilai automobile users. However, as an open platform, it is its long-term goal for different companies to participate in the use of Wuhan Weineng’s BaaS system, and the premise of cooperation is that automobile enterprises must adopt the same battery pack specifications and standards as Weilai automobile.

Among the power exchange industry standards formulated by the National Energy Administration, Weilai took the lead in compiling three standards, namely, 10435, 10436 and 33025, and deeply participated in compiling two standards, namely, 10434 and 33004.

In addition, Geely and BAIC, the third-party operators of power exchange, Aodong and Botan Technology, and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, the battery manufacturer, all played an important role in the formulation of national and industrial standards for power exchange.

Enterprises that change electricity early are taking the first-Mover advantage.

It took ten years for the initial answer of changing electricity and new energy vehicles to be initially applied.

However, if we look to the future, there is still more way to go before power exchange becomes the optimal solution.

On the one hand, today, the power battery has not formed a stable structure like the engine of a traditional fuel vehicle.It is still undergoing a subversive update.Today’s sodium battery, tomorrow’s hydrogen fuel cell & HELIP; …

Compared with the current unified lithium battery standard, it is more difficult to change the power at the end on a large scale.How to catch up with the pace of power battery after the popularization of high cost.

On the other hand,Power exchange puts forward higher requirements for battery capacity.. The power exchange mode has changed the one-to-one relationship between new energy vehicles and batteries. To meet the needs of a car, a battery is obviously not enough.

However, insufficient battery capacity is a major pain point in the new energy automobile industry. This year, Tucki, Weilai and other automakers have delayed delivery due to extremely tight battery supply. Under the seriously unbalanced supply, the rumor that "He Xiaopeng, chairman of Xpeng Motors, crouched at the door of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited for batteries" was once widely circulated in the industry.

In other words,The requirement of one battery per vehicle has put tremendous pressure on the upstream production capacity, not to mention the situation of more than one battery per vehicle.

On November 5th, a message about "Sogou browser was exposed with obvious loopholes and tens of millions of users’ privacy was leaked in batches" began to spread to major media from the Kafan Forum.

According to the news, after logging in to Sogou browser with qq account, users will be able to find thousands of user names, accounts and passwords of unfamiliar users on many websites. There are inexplicably a lot of web pages in the user’s browser favorites that the user has not stored before. After opening the corresponding favorite web pages, even the browser will automatically fill in the user name and password and conduct electronic transactions directly.

For the first time, browser security vulnerabilities leaked privacy incidents, and sogou urgently needed to give users an explanation.

Some related technicians found files such as "HistoryUrl3_base" and "FormData3.dat" in the local browser of Sogou browser, which could not obtain the corresponding information without using professional software. After the Sogou browser synchronized the user’s stored account password and the webpage in the favorites to the cloud, the synchronized data was synchronized to other users’ computers, resulting in the disclosure of a large number of users’ private data information, which will lead to a large number of users’ property losses in this vulnerability incident.

It is understood that the recent Sogou browser security breach leaked user privacy security incidents for the first time in history, and a large number of user privacy data leaked and distributed incidents caused by browser security breaches. As a historical precedent, the security vulnerability incident of Sogou browser will attract more users’ attention. sogou needs to speed up the process of fixing product vulnerabilities and give users an early account of this matter.

New sogou made a good start. The biggest impact of Sogou browser security incident was sogou search

Since the news that sogou will be acquired by 360 on May 10th this year, it has been more than four months since the news that "Tencent acquired 36.5% shares in sogou" was confirmed, and the acquisition of sogou came to an end temporarily.

On November 3rd, sogou released the unaudited financial report for the third quarter of sogou as of September 30th, 2013. According to the report, the total revenue of New sogou in the first quarter of 2013 (the first quarter after sogou was acquired by Tencent with a 36.5% stake) was US$ 57 million, up 53% year-on-year, which set a good start for the development of New sogou.

And CNZZ, a traffic statistics agency, shows in the report that sogou search occupied 12.06% of the whole domestic search market on October 26th, reaching a new high.

After the browser is the most important Internet portal, Sogou browser, as the first event that a large number of user data are leaked due to browser security vulnerabilities, will not only have a great impact on its own development. As another sogou search business that can get more data from users and is more qualified to be an Internet portal, it will probably change the rapid development of Tencent after its shareholding, resulting in a small-scale share reduction.

Therefore, the security incident of Sogou browser is not only related to the future development of Sogou browser, but also will affect the development of sogou search-based sogou. (According to the vulnerability test of Dagong. com reporter at 11: 40, the security vulnerability of Sogou browser is no longer there.)

Sogou denied that the rumor of browser security vulnerabilities was ugly. "The poster said that the account was stolen."

After the sogou browser security vulnerability incident was widely spread by the media, which attracted the attention of the industry and even the society, sogou announced yesterday that the technical team of sogou browser started to verify the authenticity of the incident as soon as possible after the "sogou browser security vulnerability" incident was reported online, and confirmed that there was no security vulnerability in sogou browser. As for the reasons for this kind of news, sogou said that its strong development momentum made some competitors launch unfair competition in the name of kidnapping users, and especially said that it would not give up protecting the ultimate rights and interests of users by legal means.

Subsequently, at around 20: 31 yesterday, the k53941 user who had previously posted "Sogou browser broke security holes" on the technical forum card meal also posted that the owner of this user ID had not used it for a long time, and this time, the behavior of repeatedly posting multiple Sogou browser vulnerability posts was caused by the hacker after the ID password was stolen.

In this regard, some netizens expressed doubts. Since this user did not log in to this ID number for several months, why did he log in to this account shortly after the security vulnerability of Sogou browser was exposed? Are there still some unknown things behind it? Can this user also expose the login record of his forum account to improve the credibility of his speech?

Previously, on the platform of Black Cloud Vulnerability, many people in the industry and outside the industry have personally witnessed the seriousness of privacy leakage in view of the privacy leakage of sogou Pinyin. At that time, the announcement given by sogou was that Bing, the search engine, did not abide by the agreement of robots.txt, but it did not claim that its team’s means of protecting the privacy of input method was not enough, and more secure verification methods should be used to protect the privacy of input method users. As a heavyweight product in the legendary three-stage rocket of sogou, sogou input method is a leading product in both PC and mobile Internet. After a product with such a huge number of users has privacy loopholes, this response has aroused the dissatisfaction of many sogou input method users, and also provided opportunities for other input method manufacturers to develop users.

This time, regardless of whether there is a security loophole in Sogou browser, we will not consider whether posting claiming that the account was stolen is a way for sogou to refute rumors. After sogou became a shareholder in Tencent, his performance did show a good development trend. In this security vulnerability incident, the third-party vulnerability platform Wuyun and 360 security guards clearly stated that in a certain period of time, the second vulnerability of Sogou browser did exist. No matter whether the vulnerability incident is an oolong incident or not, sogou should give users a more comprehensive and satisfactory explanation, and try not to blindly find ways to excuse themselves. Users know whether there is a vulnerability, and promise to provide users with a better Sogou browser, and promise that sogou can compensate those users who have really suffered economic losses from Sogou browser as long as relevant certification materials are given. Is it a better way to deal with the incident?

Text/Xiao Qian, Weibo Xiao Moqian, WeChat net1996

　　CCTV News:On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of Gutian Conference, the revolutionary historical TV series "Casting Sword in Desperate Situation" jointly produced by CCTV, Huace Film and Television and Xiamen Wansheng Film and Television landed on a set of prime-time hits of CCTV. This is an unforgettable history, and in all fairness, it is a meticulous work.

　　As the ancient poem goes, "When we look at the side of the ridge, the distance is different", when we choose different angles and different criticism methods to treat the same TV play, the connotation, value and significance we can see are also very different. Generally speaking, there are political, economic, moral and cultural standards for judging the value of TV works. Among them, the "ratings" standard once became an important indicator.

　　Over the years, CCTV has been practicing the "ratings" standard and establishing the "ecological" standard in TV evaluation. The connotation of "ecology", from nature to humanity, is very rich. In short, it is to advocate the optimization of TV ecology, advocate the "green" and "environmental protection" of TV, and create a good humanistic and social environment, which is ultimately consistent with the goal of building an ecological and civilized society advocated by the country at present.

　　By introducing the concept of "ecology" to re-examine TV, we will gain a brand-new understanding of TV. By the standard of "ecology", I give "Casting Sword in Despair" five stars.

　　The first star: to show the "diversity" of TV cultural ecology.

　　Protecting biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance are the core concepts of ecology. As far as the healthy development of TV ecology is concerned, it is also very important to pay attention to the wide coverage of TV drama content and theme categories, avoid certain types of "prevailing" and "homogenization", and pay attention to the richness of ecological categories. For decades, China TV plays have fully demonstrated the "diversity" development trend of TV cultural ecology. Especially since 2010, the creation of TV dramas on revolutionary history has reproduced the glorious course of China revolution and painted a magnificent film and television art scroll of China revolutionary history with unique theme advantages, grand historical perspective, lofty value guidance and magnificent aesthetic character. It is a necessary complement to the previous spring tide in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, as well as the craze for costume, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and the craze for realistic themes. Moreover, it is also a drama about revolutionary history. The focus of this drama is the historical events during the land reform period, which fills the gap in the theme of TV dramas in this period and enriches the ecological categories of TV dramas in China.

　　The second star: highlight the influence of "environment" in ecology on people.

　　A very core factor in ecological research is the research environment, including the influence of natural environment and human environment on people. Casting Sword in Despair is adapted from a real historical event that began in 1928. It is a past story that was born in a real history and region. It is 90 years apart from the present time and space, and it may become a fading historical memory. The value of this film lies in the efforts made by the creators to restore various historical scenes in their artistic creation, and the "handwriting" in scene selection and production restoration is amazing. Gutian site, Woods behind Gutian site, Peitian ancient village, uninhabited village, Dingwuling, Quaoli pier, Xiaozong ancestral hall and many other landmark buildings with historical features and regional characteristics are presented on the screen one by one. Pulling the audience back to the hard revolutionary years in an instant not only restores history, but also brings it to life, which is very different from the fabrication of some current time-travel dramas.

　　Moreover, the characterization, character and environment in the play have formed a special relationship, especially "restoring the texture of the times" and highlighting all kinds of "conflicts" and "growth" of the characters in the ever-changing environment. This kind of "ecological" observation has broken the facebook and conceptual characterization mode, making the characters in the play more real, lovely, full of flesh and blood and touching people’s hearts. Specifically, its special "environment" lies in "the desperate situation of guerrilla warfare for three years", its core "conflict" lies in "overcoming all kinds of non-proletarian thoughts", and its special "growth" lies in the fact that it has finally grown from "a Red Army team dominated by peasants at the beginning and with complex components" to "a red iron army with firm faith and fearlessness".

　　The third star respects the "naturalness" in the ecology.

　　This naturalness is highlighted in the realism of "natural carving" in characterization. Judging from the drama about revolutionary history, the TV series "Casting Sword in Desperate Situation" is very "grounded" and its characters are very real and lovely. The expression of history is not rigid, not conceptual, respecting history, respecting the weakness of human nature, and not making things up. The appeal of art comes from "truthfulness". No matter whether it is the main character or the minor character, its various real and meticulous performances have a moving power. What is the true face of a team with mixed components, mainly farmers, lax discipline, unclear beliefs and scattered sand? This is one of the highlights of this drama, and it is also a place where many comedies are highlighted (for example, because sausage forgot the gun, because pork forgot to return to the team, etc.).

　　Another example is the shaping of the main characters, especially Chairman Mao, who suffered from malaria because of acclimatization. There is a voice-over in the play: "The leader who led the people of China to overthrow the old world and establish a new China was also in such an embarrassing situation, which is enough to show how hard-won our socialist country is now!" There are many aspects in the film about Zhu Mao’s Red Army’s use of soldiers as gods, but this passage has broken the way of "deifying" the leaders and really has a convincing force.

　　The fourth star attaches importance to the "spiritual ecology" of the characters.

　　Literature and art are the project of casting the soul. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that patriotism should be the main theme of literary and artistic creation, and people should be guided to establish and adhere to the correct views on history, nationality, country and culture, so as to enhance their backbone and confidence in being Chinese. The influence of TV series on people’s spirit is very profound, because the visual expression of TV series can easily lead to idol effect. Looking back at the TV series "Casting Sword in Despair", if we use the "ecological" standard to measure it, it is very necessary to educate people like "Do not forget your initiative mind". The independent camp in western Fujian led by Li Huacheng forged the soul of the army in the desperate situation of "no food, no bullets, no medicine", adhered to the principle of "building the party ideologically and building the army politically" established by Gutian Conference, and made concerted efforts with Chen Tianyou and other team leaders. Cruel war scenes, firm revolutionary beliefs, and the sacrifices and growth of all the soldiers have moved countless netizens: "It is really not easy to pay such a painful price behind a few strokes in history books!" "Suddenly understand us ‘ Listen to the party’s command, win the battle, and have a good style of work ’ How did the people’s army grow up! "

　　The fifth star: the ecological "integrity" of the team of editors and directors.

　　The attributes of TV series are complicated, which are both works of art and cultural products. Its concrete formation has its own unique cultural and ecological environment, and it is also in a unique ecological chain. Very different from traditional works of art, it is first of all the product of "team" wisdom. It is an art science, and it must be operated scientifically as a whole. From planning, scriptwriting, filming to being on the screen, it must go through a strict production process, and it must be a harmonious and optimized combination of creative factors such as screenwriter, director, actor, camera shooting, recording, art design, music, makeup, clothing and props. The so-called "amateurs watch the excitement, experts watch the doorway". If you look at the TV series "Casting Sword in Despair" from a professional perspective, you can see its "step by step" exquisiteness.

　　On the one hand, this "high-quality" ecological optimization combination is based on the improvement of the professional level of China’s TV drama creation, on the other hand, it is based on the superior combination of its own creative team. In 2016, "The Desperate Defender" triggered a ratings boom, and won many awards such as "Five One Project Award", "Flying Award" and "Golden Eagle Award". As the second part of the "Three Musts" series, Casting Sword in Despair is still under the general planning of Yuan Jingui, starring Qian Linsen, a famous screenwriter, and Zhang Tong, who won the flying prize for "Breaking Defender", and adding new blood to the strength school. Affectionate patriotism, compact plot, excellent drama production, exquisite interpretation by actors, music that makes the finishing point, and many obscure behind-the-scenes creators have restored a true history for us with their professional level and dedication.

　　Literature and art can’t be slaves of the market, and they can’t get lost in the tide of market economy. A good work should put social benefits first. Excellent literary and artistic works, it is best to be successful in thought and art, and to be welcomed in the market. Literature and art should be able to help build a green humanistic ecological environment and enhance the spiritual and ecological strength of the audience. Under this standard, I give "Casting Sword in Desperate Situation" five stars. It is an unforgettable historical memory, a "picture book of revolutionary heroes", and its intrinsic value, in addition to the digital display of current ratings, can also play a supplementary role in history textbooks.

　　(Commentator: Zhang Wenjuan)

How to use drugs for pregnant and lactating women infected with COVID-19? The answer you want to know is here.

Haikou, December 24th   (Reporter   Marco) With the adjustment of national epidemic prevention policy, the infection rate in Covid-19 continues to rise. So how should some special people, especially pregnant and lactating women, take medicine after being infected with Covid-19, so as to effectively relieve their symptoms and protect their baby’s health? Zou Junjin, director of the clinical pharmacy department of Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, answered this question.

Zou Jun said that the Covid-19 infection rate and symptoms of pregnant women are similar to those of the general population, and most of them are asymptomatic or mild. The symptoms are similar to other acute upper respiratory tract infections, such as fever, dry throat, cough, runny nose and aches all over. Generally, they will get better in three or four days, and will gradually recover in about seven days. Therefore, if pregnant women are infected with Covid-19, they need not be too anxious. When necessary, they can use drugs under the guidance of doctor Yamatonokusushi.

one

What should pregnant women do after they are infected with Covid-19? Do you need medication?

A: In principle, there is no need for medication for asymptomatic infected people. In the early stage of the disease, we can use drugs according to the symptoms, such as antipyretic drugs for fever, cough and expectoration drugs for cough and phlegm, and there is no need to use other drugs, such as antiviral drugs and antibiotics. In addition, in the choice of medication, try to choose a single preparation and avoid using a compound preparation.

2

What drugs can be used after pregnant women are infected with Covid-19?

A: Early pregnancy is a critical period of embryo development. At this stage, drugs should be avoided as much as possible to reduce the impact on embryos. The second and third trimester of pregnancy is relatively safe, and there are many drugs to choose from. Please refer to the relevant drug instructions and the drug list issued by the National Obstetrics Professional Medical Quality Control Center.

three

Pregnant and puerperal women with basic diseases are infected with Covid-19. What suggestions do you have for medication?

A: For pregnant women who are infected with Covid-19 and have basic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc., it is best to consult a doctor or pharmacist when choosing drug treatment, and inform them of the types of drugs they have taken for a long time before, so as to avoid the interaction between drugs and the fluctuating influence on basic diseases, and not to blindly use drugs.

four

Can lactating women continue to breastfeed when they are infected with Covid-19?

A: Of course. As long as the mother’s body allows, you can continue breastfeeding, because the risk of Covid-19 transmission through breast milk is extremely low. Breast milk contains antibodies and other anti-infective factors from the mother, and the baby can be passively immune to the virus after ingestion. It should be noted that before breast-feeding and daily nursing contact with the baby, breast-feeding women need to implement protective measures, such as wearing N95 masks, washing hands frequently, ventilating frequently, cleaning and disinfecting the surface of objects touched by their mothers regularly.

Zou Jun reminded that pregnant expectant mothers should go to the hospital as soon as possible if their condition is obviously aggravated after being infected with Covid-19, such as persistent high fever, dyspnea, chest pain, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and abnormal fetal movement.

Cartography/Zhang Xin

　　Recently, the Beijing Municipal Health and Health Commission, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau and other nine departments jointly issued the Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer in Beijing (2023— 2030) (hereinafter referred to as the "program"). According to this plan, this year, the city will launch a pilot project of HPV vaccination for school-age girls, encourage qualified areas to actively participate, explore various channels of vaccine protection, and realize the willingness of school-age girls and women who meet the vaccination conditions.

　　Piloting HPV vaccination for school-age girls

　　The plan proposes that the city will achieve the goal of accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer by implementing three-level preventive measures: HPV vaccination for school-age girls, cervical cancer screening for school-age women, and treatment of patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. By 2025, all districts in the city will carry out HPV vaccination services for school-age girls; The screening rate of cervical cancer in school-age women reached 50%; The treatment rate of patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions reached 90%. By 2030, continue to promote HPV vaccination for school-age girls; The screening rate of cervical cancer in school-age women reached 70%; The treatment rate of patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions reached 95%.

　　In order to achieve the above goals, the city will carry out a number of key actions.

　　The first is literacy promotion, advocating the idea that women are the first responsible person for their own health, and raising awareness of HPV vaccination and regular screening. At the same time, make full use of the Internet, mobile clients and other new media and traditional media, carry out all-round and multi-level social advocacy activities and public welfare publicity, and widely spread the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment.

　　Followed by the HPV vaccination campaign. The plan proposes to actively organize and mobilize, give play to the role of schools in organizing and mobilizing HPV vaccination for school-age girls, and carry out publicity and registration to enhance the willingness of school-age girls to vaccinate HPV. In addition, strengthen the standardized management of vaccination, timely announce qualified and qualified vaccination units, realize the traceability of the whole vaccination process, and give priority to ensuring the vaccine supply for school-age girls. Gradually realize the coverage of the whole city. In 2023, we will launch a pilot project of HPV vaccination for school-age girls, encourage qualified areas to actively participate, explore various channels of vaccine protection, and realize the willingness of school-age girls and women who meet the vaccination conditions.

　　Expand the coverage of free screening for cervical cancer

　　In terms of cervical cancer screening action, the plan proposes that the city will expand the coverage of free cervical cancer screening. Expand the coverage of free screening for school-age women in the city to the permanent population, and improve the screening rate of cervical cancer among school-age women. Set up and publish screening outlets reasonably, and promote the appointment screening system to facilitate women to receive screening nearby. School-age women who are willing to participate in the screening can participate in the screening in qualified institutions in the city’s domicile or permanent residence. Optimize the free screening process for cervical cancer. The initial screening uses human papillomavirus nucleic acid detection, and those with abnormal screening results are examined by cervical cytology, colposcopy and histopathology.

　　The cervical cancer screening service for female workers will continue to be strengthened, and employers will be guided to implement the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests and the Provisions on Health Care for Female Workers, select appropriate screening programs and conduct cervical cancer screening on a regular basis. Strengthen the public welfare cervical cancer screening service for female employees in difficult enterprises and new employment forms. Give full play to the role of trade union workers in mutual assistance and actively carry out care and assistance work. Increase the praise and encouragement to employers who protect the health rights and interests of female employees according to law.

　　Multi-departments work together to reduce the burden of patients seeking medical treatment

　　In terms of treatment and safeguard actions, the plan proposes that the city should promote the application of unified and standardized guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, promote the management of clinical pathways, and do a good job in the treatment of cervical cancer patients. Explore a new model of integrated prevention and control. Improve the cervical cancer prevention and control network, and actively promote the integrated services of HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. Give full play to the advantages and functions of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and explore a new mode of prevention and treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

　　At the same time, improve the medical security system. Improve the multi-level medical security system with basic medical insurance as the main body, medical assistance as the backing, supplementary medical insurance, commercial health insurance, charitable donations, medical mutual assistance and other common development, and work together to reduce the medical burden of cervical cancer patients. The city will also improve the humanistic services for people with cancer. Improve rehabilitation guidance, pain management, nursing and nutrition, psychological support and other supporting measures to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with cervical cancer.

　　In addition, the city will actively promote appropriate technologies for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment, and explore the use of new technologies such as the Internet and artificial intelligence to optimize screening and diagnosis and treatment service processes. Use telemedicine technology platforms such as "cloud women and children" to improve the management and service level at the grassroots level.

　　Text/reporter Jiang Ruojing

　　CCTV News:The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on September 6 that the processing of agricultural products has become an important fulcrum for the development of rural industries. In 2022, there were 90,000 agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size, with operating income exceeding 19 trillion yuan.

　　China actively expands the multiple functions of agriculture, taps the multiple values of rural areas, and promotes the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. A total of 180 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, 300 modern agricultural industrial parks and 1,509 strong agricultural towns have been built nationwide, and 1,952 national key leading enterprises have been identified.

　　In 2022, there were 90,000 agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size, with operating income exceeding 19 trillion yuan. In the future, all localities will focus on rural key industries and characteristic industries, upgrade the agricultural product processing industry in all links, promote rural characteristic industries in all chains, cultivate industrial management entities in all fields, promote deep integration of industries with all factors, build an all-round agricultural industrial chain, and take multiple measures to promote the high-quality development of rural industries led by agricultural product processing.